Negeri Sembilan food as a tourist attraction / Nurul Nabilah Zainal

Negeri Sembilan has unique cuisine by its own. These aspects contributed to the tourism sector to be able to influence people to come to Negeri Sembilan. The main objective of this study is to promote Negeri Sembilan food to the public. Another objective is also being studied to identify the various type of traditional food in Negeri Sembilan and to promote the uniqueness Negeri Sembilan cuisine for tourist. This study used a questionnaire among people in and outside the Negeri Sembilan and interview people around the Negeri Sembilan area. A total of 50 respondents were selected to participate in this study and based on the information obtained, most of them have linked food as a factor to promote food Negeri Sembilan as a tourist attraction. Therefore, food plays an important role in everyday life and also used as a tourist attraction for visitors to Negeri Sembilan. Exposure of Negeri Sembilan food advertising should be studied and implemented in order to attract tourists to come and at the same time can show the identity of Negeri Sembilan. Advertising design proposes a new image, typography and videography as a way to promote foods to Negeri Sembilan as a tourist attraction in the tourism sector

Masalah Pembelajaran untuk Pelajar Pendidikan Khas: Dana dan Prasarana

Pendidikan Khas adalah program yang dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi pelbagai keperluan pelajar khas. Bagi pelajar pendidikan khas yang ditempatkan secara berasingan, teknik yang sesuai telah digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran. Sebagai tambahan kepada teknik pembelajaran yang sesuai, infrastruktur juga telah disediakan untuk memudahkan proses pembelajaran pelajar pendidikan khas ini. Infrastruktur adalah kemudahan yang disediakan untuk tujuan pembangunan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemudahan pendidikan khas untuk murid berkeperluan khas, untuk mengenal pasti prasarana pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang mencukupi dan terkini untuk pelajar berkeperluan khas di SK Kuala Kubu Bharu, untuk mengenal pasti pembiayaan yang sesuai dan relevan untuk pelajar berkeperluan khas untuk tujuan pendidikan dan infrastruktur mereka, dan memahami pelaksanaan PPKI SK Kuala Kubu Bharu mengenai infrastruktur dan pembiayaan untuk murid berkeperluan khas. Kaedah kajian ini adalah temu bual separa berstruktur. Pelajar di sekolah pendidikan khas yang dikaji menghadapi masalah dengan infrastruktur yang mencukupi dan bertambah. Lagipun, infrastruktur adalah keadaan atau persekitaran yang perlu dipenuhi oleh setiap sekolah agar para pelajarnya dapat menggunakan kemudahan tersebut, terutamanya pelajar yang bersekolah itu adalah pelajar kurang upaya atau kurang upaya. Learning Problem for the Special Education Students: Funds and Infrastructure Abstract: Special Education is a program designed specifically to meet the diverse needs of special students. For special education students who are placed separately, appropriate techniques have been used in the learning and teaching process. In addition to appropriate learning techniques, infrastructure has also been provided to facilitate the learning process of these special education students. Infrastructure is a facility provided for development purposes. The objectives of this study were to analyze special education facilities for students with special needs, to identify sufficient and current teaching and learning infrastructure for special needs students at SK Kuala Kubu Bharu, to identify appropriate and relevant funding for students with special needs for educational purposes and their infrastructure, and understand the implementation of SK Kuala Kubu Bharu's PPKI on infrastructure and funding for special needs students. The method of this study is semi-structured interviews. Students in the special education school studied are having problems with sufficient and increasing infrastructure. After all, infrastructure is a condition or environment that every school needs to meet in order for its students to be able to use the facilities, especially those students who attend the school are students with disabilities or disabilities. Keyword: Learning, Students, Special Education, Funds, Infrastructure

Microextraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nano Structures

Sample preparation is the backbone of any analytical procedure; it involves extraction and pre-concentration of the desired analytes; often at trace levels. The present article describes the applications of nanomaterials (carbon based inorganic and polymeric materials) in miniaturized extraction such as solid phase micro-extraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction in the analyses of aqueous samples. The nanoparticles used for micro-extractions are discussed on the basis of their chemical natures. The synthetic route and the preparation of nanomaterials are described along with the optimization strategies for micro-extraction. A comparison between the conventional materials and nanomaterials for micro-extraction is proposed. The key roles of the nanomaterials for the micro-extraction of different analytes such as drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and peptides from aqueous samples are reported. The use of nanomaterials, combined with miniaturized micro-extraction techniques, proved to be highly promising for sample preparation of various matrices with analytes at trace levels

Micro-extraction of xenobiotics and biomolecules from different matrices on nanostructures

Sample preparation is the backbone of any analytical procedure; it involves extraction and pre-concentration of the desired analytes; often at trace levels. The present article describes the applications of nanomaterials (carbon-based inorganic and polymeric materials) in miniaturized extraction such as solid phase micro-extraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction in the analyses of aqueous samples. The nanoparticles used for micro-extractions are discussed on the basis of their chemical natures. The synthetic route and the preparation of nanomaterials are described along with the optimization strategies for micro-extraction. A comparison between the conventional materials and nanomaterials for micro-extraction is proposed. The key roles of the nanomaterials for the micro-extraction of different analytes such as drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and peptides from aqueous samples are reported. The use of nanomaterials, combined with miniaturized micro-extraction techniques, proved to be highly promising for sample preparation of various matrices with analytes at trace levels

Comparison of Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Centella asiatica Extracts Obtained by Three Extraction Techniques

Through different extraction techniques, the potential of Centella asiatica as a natural source of antioxidant was investigated. The C. asiatica aqueous extracts were obtained via infusion, decoction and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques. The effects of different extraction techniques were studied on the extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic contents of the extracts and antioxidant activity were examined using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, respectively. Results indicated that the UAE exhibited the highest extraction yield, highest total phenolic contents, as well as highest antioxidant activity. The yield of the extracts increased in the order of infusion < decoction < UAE which were 18.2 %, 23.6% and 25.4 %, respectively. All extraction techniques had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of C. asiatica extracts. The total phenolic contents ranged from 3.42 0.030 to 8.32 0.105 mg GAE/g dry extract while the antioxidant activity was in the range of 75 to 86 %. This study confirms that C. asiatica has the potential to be a good resource for the future development of natural antioxidant. In addition, extraction via UAE can be an ideal technique to obtain phytochemical-rich extracts from medicinal plants

RESTORATION OF OLD MALAY JAWI MANUSCRIPTS USING MUMFORD-SHAH AND BERTALMIO INPAINTING MODELS

Jawi is the earliest writing script of the Malay Archipelago that was derived from Arabic letters. Old Malay Jawi manuscripts may provide vital information about the legacy, cultures, and historical evolution of the Malay Archipelago over time. However, while preserved, old Malay Jawi manuscripts tend to be damaged. Image inpainting is a process of reconstructing missing parts of an image which can be used to restore the old Malay Jawi manuscripts. The Mumford-Shah and Bertalmio inpainting models are two well-known and effective methods for solving the image inpainting problem. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine which model is better at restoring corrupted input images of the old Malay Jawi manuscripts. A sample of thirty (30) old Malay Jawi manuscript images were obtained from Kumpulan Penyelidikan Etnomatematik Melayu (KUPELEMA). The corrupted images were restored using both models, implemented using the MATLAB software. The Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were utilized to assess the quality of the results. The numerical experiment demonstrates that the average values of SSIM and MAE for Mumford-Shah inpainting model are 0.9380 and 0.0151 respectively, while the values for the Bertalmio inpainting model are 0.8762 and 0.0255 respectively. This indicates that the Mumford-Shah inpainting model is more effective than Bertalmio inpainting model. The algorithms used in this study can be upgraded to a software framework for commercial use and can be implemented for other kinds of digitized data

Portable micro-solid phase extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

This work describes for the first time the application of portable micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this technique, a battery-operated electric whisk stirrer combined with a μ-SPE device was employed to provide agitation of the sample solution and facilitate the pre-concentration of the target analytes. The μ-SPE device consisted of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) packed in a polypropylene (PP) membrane. The performance of μ-SPE sampling coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was evaluated for the analysis of five target PAHs (fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) in water. Important μ-SPE parameters were studied and the optimal extraction conditions were 30 min extraction time, 10 min desorption time, isopropanol as the conditioning and desorption solvent and no addition of a salt. The developed portable μ-SPE method provided good linearity in the concentration range of 0.1-100 μg L-1 for fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene, and 1-100 μg L-1 for benzo[a]pyrene, with good coefficients of determination (r2, 0.9975-0.9989), low limits of detection (0.01-0.59 μg L-1), acceptable intra-day precisions (3.5-6.2% for on-site analysis) and acceptable relative recoveries (77.3-107.2%). Portable μ-SPE combined with HPLC-UV was successfully applied to the determination of target PAHs in selected water samples. The proposed sample preparation technique proved to be simple, cost effective, easy-to-operate and feasible for both off-site and on-site analyses

Liquid chromatographic determination of NSAIDs in urine after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets

An environmentally benign method of sample preparation based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and solidification of floating organic droplets (DLLME-SFO) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection has been developed for analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in biological fluids. A low-toxicity solvent was used to replace the chlorinated solvents commonly used in conventional DLLME. Seven conditions were investigated and optimized: type and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, extraction time, effect of addition of salt, and sample pH. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range 0.01–10 µg mL−1, with coefficients of determination (r2) >0.9949. Detection limits were in the range 0.0034–0.0052 µg mL−1 with good reproducibility (RSD) and satisfactory inter-day and intra-day recovery (95.7–115.6 %). The method was successfully used for analysis of diclofenac, mefenamic acid, and ketoprofen in human urine. Analysis of urine samples from a patient 2 and 4 h after administration of diclofenac revealed concentrations of 1.20 and 0.34 µg mL−1, respectively

Micro-extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from different matrices on nanostructures

Sample preparation is the backbone of any analytical procedure; it involves extraction and pre-concentration of the desired analytes; often at trace levels. The present article describes the applications of nanomaterials (carbon-based inorganic and polymeric materials) in miniaturized extraction such as solid phase micro-extraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction in the analyses of aqueous samples. The nanoparticles used for micro-extractions are discussed on the basis of their chemical natures. The synthetic route and the preparation of nanomaterials are described along with the optimization strategies for micro-extraction. A comparison between the conventional materials and nanomaterials for micro-extraction is proposed. The key roles of the nanomaterials for the micro-extraction of different analytes such as drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and peptides from aqueous samples are reported. The use of nanomaterials, combined with miniaturized micro-extraction techniques, proved to be highly promising for sample preparation of various matrices with analytes at trace levels